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  • Home
  • Quran & hadith
    • Quran >
      • Quran Translations
      • Tafsir Collection >
        • Full bookshelf (130+ tafseers)
        • Tafseer Ibn Abbas
        • Tafsir Jalalayn
        • King Fahd Centre Tafsirs (19 Languages)
        • Tafhim ul Quran
        • Tafseer Ibn Katheer
        • Tafsir Qurtubi
        • Maarif ul Quran
        • Tafsir ul kabir Ibn Taymiyyah
        • Rooh ul Ma'ani by Allama Aaloosi
        • Fil Zilal il Quran - In the Shade of Quran
        • Tafsir Siraj ul Bayan
        • Tayseer Al Kareem Al Mannan Fy Tafseer Kalam al Mannan
        • Tafseer Sanai (Molana Sana ullah Amritsary)
        • Tafsir Majidi
        • Tafseer Kabeer by Imam Al-Razi
        • Tafsir Jawahir ul Quran
      • Khulasa of Quran
      • Uloom ul Quran
      • Historical copies of Quran
    • Hadith and Seerah >
      • Seerah
      • All hadith books
      • The Authentic Collections >
        • Sahih Bukhari
        • Sahih Muslim
        • Muwatta Imam Malik
        • Sunan Nisai
        • Tirmadhi Shareef
        • Sunan Abu Dawood
        • Musnad Imam Ahmad
        • Sunan Ibn Majah
      • Other Classical books of hadith >
        • Musnad Abu Yala
        • Riyad us Saliheen
        • Sunan Darmi
        • Kanz ul Amal
        • Bulugh ul Maram
        • Mishqat al Masabeeh
        • Sunan Al Kubra - Bayhiqi
        • Khasais Al Kubra by Imam Suyuti
        • Mussanaf Ibn Abi Shaybah
        • Mussanaf Abdul Razzaq
        • Musnad Ishaq Bin Rahwiyyah
        • Adab Al Mufrad
        • Kitab ul Athar - Imam Muhammad Bin Hasan Al-Shaybani
        • Jami Al- Sagheer
        • Saheeh Ibn Khuzaimah
        • Ma'ani Al-Athar
        • Targheeb wa Tahzeeb
        • Shoub Al Iman of Imam Al-Bayhaqi
        • Ibn Habban
        • Musnad Shahab
      • Contemporary hadith collections
      • 40 Hadith Collections
      • Ahadith Al-Qudsi
      • Collection of Weak Ahadtih
  • Islamic Sciences
    • Free Islamic Studies Courses - iCAN College
    • Arabic Learning
    • Aqeedah / Creed
    • Quran
    • Uloom ul Quran / Usool At Tafsir (Tafsir and Quranic Sciences)
    • Hadith and Seerah
    • Usool Al Hadith >
      • Compilation, Preservation and authority of hadith
      • Usool wal ulum Al Hadith
      • Narrators, Isnad and Muhaditheen
      • Teaching and learning hadith
    • Fiqh
    • Usool Al Fiqh
    • Usool Al Ifta
    • Mantaq/ Logic/ Philosophy
    • Comparative Religion
    • Falkiat (Astronomy)
    • Contemporary Studies and Communication Skills
    • Ijazah Multimedia >
      • Arabic Learning (Including Sarf and Nahv) >
        • Arabic in less than 50 hours - Dr. Abdus Sami
        • Tajweed with Sheikh Wissam Sherieff
        • Arabic course - Hafiz Naveed Ahmed
        • Hidayat un Nahv - English Course and Book download
        • Arabic Conversations
        • Madinah Books Audio Lectures: Arabic, English and Urdu
        • Arabic Course for Beginners
        • Kafia - Arabic Grammer (Lecture Series)
        • Arabic Courses for Bangla Speakers
        • Arabic course - Dr. Abdul Aziz Abdur Raheem
        • Hidayat un Nahv
        • Why Learn Arabic? By Noman Ali Khan
        • Tajweed Lessons in English
        • Arabic with Husna
        • Tajweed Made Simple
        • Madinah Arabic Books - Taught by Br. Asif Meherali (Canada)
        • Ilm un Nahv and Ilm us Sarf - Complete Audio Course
        • Sheikh Amir Suhail Course 2
        • العربية بين يديك (English Arabic Course - Green Lane Mosque)
        • Mukhtasir ul Muani - Urdu Lectures
      • Usool ut Tafsir (Science of Quranic Interpretation)
      • Tafsir >
        • Tafhim ul Quran - Audio in English and Urdu languages
        • Maarif ul Quran - Urdu
        • Tafsir by Dr. Israr - Complete Quran
        • Hafiz Naveed Ahmed R.A. Daura e Tafseer
        • Noman Ali Khan Tafsir
        • Quran Balochi Tafsir
        • Fahm ul Quran by Dr. Farhat Hashmi
        • Complete Quran - Faizan e Madina
        • Pushto Tafsir
        • Pushto Tafsir - Dr. Nisar Ahmed
        • Bangla Tafseer e Quran - Audio
        • Complete Tafsir (Brief) - Molana Shuja ud Din Shaikh (Urdu)
        • Ustad Muhammad Rafiq - Urdu
        • Tafseer - Sr. Iffat Maqbool
        • Prrof. Khaleel ul Rahman Chisthi (Daura e Quran)
        • Mufti Menk - Tafsir (Complete)
        • Fahm ul Quran (Sindhi) - Complete Quran
        • Daura E Quran - Ust. Huma Najm ul Hasan
        • Daura E Quran - Hafiz Akif Saeed
        • Daura e Tafseer Dr. Zeba Waqar
        • Shaikh Shuja ud Din - Sout ul Quran
        • Sister Taymiyyah Zubair Daura e Tafseer
        • Rahmatullah Buttr
        • Saraiki Daura e Quran
        • Urdu - Molana Manzoor Ahmed Nomani
        • Tafsir - Surah Wise
      • Usool ul Hadith
      • Hadith >
        • Sahih Bukhari Kitab ul Wahi
        • Imam Nawawi's 40 Hadith
        • 40 Hadith of Imam Nawawi - English (Sheikh Haroon Hanif)
        • Arbaeen Nawawi - Urdu lecture series by Dr. Israr Ahmed
        • 40 Hadith of Imam Nawawi - Dutch
        • Al Adab al Mufrad - English
        • Riayd us Saliheen - English
        • Dars e Hadith - Molana Yusuf Ludhiyanvi Shaheed
        • Sahih Bukhari
        • Bulugh Al Maram - Urdu
        • Bulugh Al Maram - English
        • Bulugh Al Maram - Bangla
        • Dars e Hadith - Shaikh Razaullah Abdul Karim (Urdu/ Hindi)
        • Riyad us Saliheen Malay
        • Sahih Bukhari - Arabic
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      • Seerat un Nabi
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      • Fiqh
      • Aqeedah
      • Balagha
      • Mantaq/ Logic
  • Why Islam
    • What is Islam
    • Gain Peace Australia
    • Resources for New Muslims
    • Sheikh Ahmed Deedat
    • Dr. Zakir
    • Response to Atheism
    • Message for Christians
    • Islam and Hinduism - Comparative Religion
    • Message for Jews
    • Islam and Budhism
    • Islam and Communism - Comparative Studies
    • Seal of the Prophethood
    • Dawah towards Ahlas Sunnah Wal Jama'ah
    • Dawah Training Courses >
      • Dawah training by Dr. Bilal Philips
      • dawah training by abdur raheem green
      • dawah training by sheikh yusuf estes
      • Dawah training by Abdur Raheem McCarthy
      • dawah training by hamza tzortzis
      • dawah training by kamal el makki
      • dawah training by shabbir ally
      • Dawah training by Yushua Evans
      • More Dawah training from London Dawah movement
    • Principles of Preaching
  • History
    • History bookshelves
    • Principles for studying history
    • Islamic History Books
    • Biographies >
      • Prophets
      • Ashab ur Rasool >
        • Companions - Book in English
        • Companions - Books in Urdu
        • Companions - Arabic Books
        • Companions - Booka in Bangla
      • Other Greats
    • Historical Places of Islam
    • Rise and Fall of Nations
    • Fiqh Al Waqi (Current Affairs) >
      • Last 300 hundred years
      • Islam and West
    • Other history books
  • More Categories
    • Learning languages >
      • Arabic Learning
      • Learn English
      • Learn Pashto
      • Learn URDU
      • Learn Malay
      • Learn MANDARIN
      • Learn FRENCH
      • Learn Spanish
      • Learn YORUBA
      • Learn Persian/ Farsi
      • 32 other languages
      • Translation and Interpretation
    • Islamic Eschatology >
      • Signs of Last Day..
      • What happens when I die..
      • The day of judgement..
    • Modernism and Orientalist Studies
    • Fiqh of Ibadah (act of worship) >
      • Purification
      • Salah >
        • How to perform Salat ul Janaza
      • Fasting
      • I'tikaf
      • Zakah and Sadaqa
      • Taraweeh and Tahajjud
      • Hajj and Qurban
      • Dua and Dhikr
      • Repentance/ Tauba
    • System of education >
      • Islamic System of Education
      • Madaris and their curriculum
      • Guidance for Teachers and Students
      • Educational Psychology and Research Methods in Islam
      • Adult Learning Principles
      • Teaching Children
    • System of Politics and Governance
    • System of organizations and leadership >
      • Psychology, Counselling and Mental Well-being
      • Personality Development
      • Leadership
      • Tanzimi and org Skills
      • Entrepreneurship
      • Public Speaking
    • Social System >
      • Muasharti Nizam
      • Family Matters >
        • Parenting
        • English books
        • Urdu Books
      • System of rights and responsibilities
      • Manners (Adab and Akhlaq)
    • System of Spirituality and tazkiah
    • System of economics
    • Managing Relations
    • Tablighi Books
    • Tib and Tib e Nabvi >
      • Magic and its cure
    • Poetry and Fiction >
      • Fiction, Hikayat and Qisas
      • Poetry and Poets >
        • Imam Al-Shafii's poetry
        • Iqbal
        • Hali
        • Shibli's poetry and reviews
        • Seminary curriculum (including Dars Nizami)
        • Hafiz Shirazi
        • Maulana Rumi
        • Sheikh Saadi
        • Bhahadur Shah Zafar
        • Maulana Ahmed Raza Khan
        • Naat
        • Other books of poetry
    • Aurad wa Wazaif
    • Kids
    • Professional Skills >
      • Library Management
      • Entrepreneurship
      • Journalism
      • Islam and Science
      • Information Technology Skills
      • Architecture
      • Teaching Skills
      • Mechanical and Electrical Trade
      • Mathematics
      • Traffic Managements and Driving Skills
    • Misc books
  • Literature
    • ICAN Nisab and Other resources
    • Diploma by Australian Islamic Library >
      • Tafseer and Usool e Tafseer >
        • Daura e Quran 2018
        • Daura course 2020
        • Tafseer Course 2022
        • Khulasa e Quran
        • Surah Hujurat Dr. Israr Ahmed R.A.
        • Usool e Tafseer Course (Primary Level)
        • Tajweed
      • Seerah - Punjabi
      • Seerah Urdu
      • Matters of heart course
      • Half My Faith Course
      • Islamic Activism
      • Uloom Al-Quran Course
    • Jamat e Islami Pakistan Nisab
    • Jamat e Islami Bangladesh
    • Islami Jamiat e Talba
    • Iblagh Library
    • Farahi School of Thought
    • Muntakhab Nisab - Tanzim e Islami
    • Recommendations by Mufti Taqi Usmani
    • Recommendations by Sheikh Saleh Al-Uthaymeen
    • Recommendations from Noman Ali Khan
    • Recommendations by Faris Al-Khateeb
    • A curriculum for hadith studies
    • Tablighi books
    • UK Islamic Mission Syllabus
  • Research
    • Research Conferences
    • Indexed Journals
    • Research Methods
  • TV and Media
    • Live TV
    • Audio/ Video >
      • Islamic History and Current Affairs
      • Islamic Movies
      • TV Shows
      • Short Reminders
      • Urdu Bayan >
        • Molana Tariq Jameel
        • Abu Zaid Zameer
        • Mufti Taqi Usmani
        • Dr. Ghulam Murtaza Malik
        • Sheikh Jalal ud Din Qasmi
        • Dr. Israr Ahmed Lectures
        • Dr. Farhat Hashmi
        • Khatam e Nabuwat Lectures
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  • Contact Us
  • Blog - Australian Islamic Library

Adult Learning

Adults learn in a different way to children. Their education, accordingly, has to be adapted to their specific needs. 
Before we review books and articles related to adult learning, let us review 8 key principles for learning in adults.

8 Adult Learning Principles:


1. Adults are autonomous and self-directed. Adults need to be free to direct their own learning. If the learning engagement is classroom-based, the facilitator must actively involve adult participants in the learning process. Specifically, they have to be sure to act as facilitators, guiding participants to their own knowledge rather than supplying them with all of the facts and not involving them in the process. They should allow the participants to assume responsibility for their learning and engage them in discussions, presentations and group-based tasks. If the learning engagement is an e-Learning course, the course should be designed to allow participants to explore topics in greater detail and choose from multiple learning activities. 
If we do not engage learners in our Madrasah or other educational institutions, they may not be actively aware of vocal about their feelings but their capacity to learn would reduce. It is sunnah of our beloved Prophet to engage learners by asking them relevant questions and giving an opportunity to ponder and reflect.


2. Adults bring knowledge and experience to each learning activity. Over their lives, adults have accumulated a wealth of life experiences and knowledge. This may include family memories, work-related experiences, and previous education. Linking new material in a course to learners’ existing knowledge and experience creates a powerful and relevant learning experience. Relating theories and concepts to the participants and recognizing the value of experience in learning are two important factors to keep in mind as well. 
Creative outcomes are produced when different fields combine e.g. when medical science and electro-mechanical systems combined, we got the modern medical equipment produced. When visual arts and computer technology combined, this brought graphics software in existence. Same way, we have a lot of diversity in our Madrasas, Islamic Universities and other educational institutions which need to be capitalized for extracting benefits for our ummah.


3. Adults need learning to be relevant and practical. Every day, the human brain takes in hundreds of thousands of sensory inputs. As the brain processes these inputs, it begins to sort out information it deems relevant and important. Relevancy increases the likelihood information will be retained. Adults must see a reason for learning something and the learning must be applicable to their work or other responsibilities in order for it to be valuable for them. Therefore, learning engagements must identify objectives for adult participants before the course begins. By nature, most adults are practical about their learning. Typically, they will focus on the aspects of a program most useful to them in their work. Participants must know how the content will be useful to them. 
You would notice that if a Khateeb starts to talk about some complex fiqhi (jurisprudence) issue to an audience who is not familiar with the complexities involved, attendees loose interest. Similarly, if a lecturers starts explaining personal background and irrelevant details to students which may not be helpful in their learning, students would not get engaged.
On the other hand, if we clearly establish reasons a subject is being taught and explain its relevance and importance, adult students have a very high expectation for engagement and retention.


4. Adults are goal-oriented. Adults primarily participate in learning programs to achieve a particular goal. Therefore, they appreciate an educational program that is organized and has clearly defined learning objectives. These need to be communicated early in the course. It is unlike children who learn ABC or ALIF BA TA without asking why they need to learn it. On contrary, adults, whether they express it or not, have underlying objects for doing their learning, be it an inspiration to be religious scholar, or to earn a job or in some instance to do some form of education (third motive has to be dealt in a way that it gets transformed into some other meaningful objective). 

5. Adults are problem-oriented and want to apply what they’ve learned. Adult learners want to be able to apply their learning to their work or personal life immediately. Using examples to help them see the connection between classroom theories and practical application; utilizing problem-solving activities as part of the learning experience; and creating action plans together with learners are important concepts that enable life application. 
If we cover books and books through lecture on lecture and ask students to memorize it, it will not yield real educational benefits. If we rather give our adult students some practical problems to solve using their learning, it would leave much long-lasting imprints on their memory.

6. Adults are motivated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Learning is driven by participant motivation – the more motivated someone is to participate in training, the more he or she is likely to learn and retain information. Adults are motivated by both internal and external factors. During the first several weeks on the job, adults are highly motivated to learn. Similarly, motivation is high when they are faced with learning a new work process or approach to a problem. However, as they become more familiar with the content, learners’ motivation to learn may wane until a specific need arises. 

7. Adults are pressed for time. In today’s fast-paced world, adults have to juggle demanding jobs, family responsibilities, and community commitments. Even if they are highly motivated to learn, the pressures of life often limit the time many adults can invest in learning. Therefore, in many cases, learning must be available when it is convenient for the learner and delivered in “manageable chunks.” These may come in the form of modularized e-Learning programs, podcasts, or webcasts or may be strategically delivered through informal training initiatives. 

8. Adults have different learning styles. A learning style refers to how a person learns, categorizes, and processes new content. Each person may have multiple preferred learning styles. In training, each of these styles should be considered when delivering content. There are many different ways to categorize learning styles.

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BOOKSHELF:

Adult Learning Principles - Kimberly TAFE Western Australia
(Discusses basic characteristics of adult learners in a simple to understand manner)

Principles of Adult Learning & Instructional Systems Design
(Discusses adult learning principles, some commonly taken assumptions and their linkage with learning styles)

Excerpt from Malcom Knowles book on Adult learning
(This discusses the difference between teaching adults vs. teaching children and what motivates these groups to learn)

TEAL Center Fact Sheet No. 11: Adult Learning Theories
(Broadly discussed adult learning, transformation theory and relevant concepts)

Adult Learning Principles - By Sierra Training
(“We can teach the way we were taught, or we can teach the way people learn.”)

Application of Adult Learning Theory
(Another Article to explain adult learning in simple terms)

Another Resource on adult learning
Source: [1]
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Picture Source: [2]




[1]: Commentary added on 8 points mentioned on article below:
Training Principles of Adult Learning (n.d.), White Paper from ADAYAN, Retrieved on February 14, 2015 from:
http://www.trainingindustry.com/media/2068131/principlesofadultlearning_full.pdf

[2]:The Myth of Learning Styles Inforgraphic (2013). Retrieved on February 14, 2015 from:
http://elearninginfographics.com/the-myth-of-learning-styles-infographic/
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